Serum creatinine measurements were performed on a Roche Modular Analyser using a blank rated compensated Jaffe reaction, and eGFR was estimated using the creatinine-based CKD-EPI equation33 (link). Urinary creatinine was measured using the ADVIA 1800 Chemistry System (Bayer HealthCare). Urinary ACR was measured using a Roche Hitachi 702 analyser. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using the Full Range C-Reactive Protein Kit on a SPATM automated PLUS turbidimeter (The Binding Site Group Ltd, UK). The normal range for CRP is between 0.1 and 9 mg/L, with 90 percent below 3 mg/L34 (link).
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