Slides of metaphase chromosome spreads were prepared as described in Kato et al. (2004 (link)) and King et al. (2017 (link)). Multi-color genomic in situ hybridization (Mc-GISH) was conducted using the labeled total genomic DNA of the three potential wheat progenitor species: the A-genome donor T. urartu, the B-genome donor Ae. speltoides, and the D-genome donor Ae. tauschii. DNA was extracted from young leaves using the CTAB method (Zhang et al., 2013 (link)) and labeled using the nick translation procedure (Luchniak et al., 2002 (link)): T. urartu was labeled with ChromaTideTM Alexa FluorTM 488-5-dUTP (Invitrogen; C11397; green), Ae. tauschii with ChromaTideTM Alexa FluorTM 594-5-dUTP (Invitrogen; C11400; red), and Ae. speltoides with DEAC-dUTP (Jena Bioscience; NU-803-DEAC; blue). Slides were hybridized with a probe mix containing 1.5 μL Ae. urartu, 3 μL Ae. speltoides, and 3 μL Ae. tauschii (a ratio of 1:2:2). Slides were counterstained with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before being analyzed with the fully automated Zeiss Axio Imager.Z2 upright epifluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss Ltd., Oberkochen, Germany). Images were taken using a MetaSystems Coolcube 1 m CCD camera and processed with ISIS (image processing) software (Metasystems GmbH, Altlussheim, Germany).
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