The diagnostic criteria applied in this study are based on the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children (2022, revised edition) (4 (link)), which include the following typical symptoms of AR: watery nose, itching, stuffy nose, sneezing (note: two or more items needed to be met, and had to last or accumulate for more than 1 hour every day). At the same time, the following were considered typical signs of AR: pale and edema of the nasal mucosa and watery secretion of the nasal cavity. Allergen detection was determined as follows: dust mite serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was positive.