Western blot analysis was done, as explained below [16 (link),22 (link)]. The primary antibodies were treated during 24 hours for TNF-α (1:1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), IL-1β (1:1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), NF-κB (1:1,000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), IκBα (1:1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα) (1:1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated ERK (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), phosphorylated JNK (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), p38 (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), and phosphorylated p38 (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology). The secondary antibodies were applied to the membrane, and then the bands were calculated by enhanced chemiluminescent kit.