GO was synthesized by the Hummers method modified as reported by Valencia et al. [16 (link)]. Briefly, 3.0 g of graphite was oxidized with KMnO4 for three days and then washed with ethanol and Milli Q water in a centrifuge. The sediment was purified by dialysis tube (Thermo Scientific, Suwanee, GA, US) and then lyophilized at −51 °C and 0.12 mBar (Labconco, Kansas City, MO, US).
GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared in attenuated total internal reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR) (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, US); X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) (Specs, Berlin, Germany) with a PHOIBOS 150 1D-DLD analyzer (PHOIBOS, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China), using a monochromatic source of Al-Kα (1486.7 eV, 13 kV, 100 W), C1s spectrum from GO was analyzed, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in a Zetasizer Nano ZS DLS (Malvern Panalytical, JarmanWay, Royston, UK).
GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared in attenuated total internal reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR) (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, US); X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) (Specs, Berlin, Germany) with a PHOIBOS 150 1D-DLD analyzer (PHOIBOS, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China), using a monochromatic source of Al-Kα (1486.7 eV, 13 kV, 100 W), C1s spectrum from GO was analyzed, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in a Zetasizer Nano ZS DLS (Malvern Panalytical, JarmanWay, Royston, UK).
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