The SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses were conducted as previously described [11 (link),13 (link)]. Briefly, after denatured proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane, the membrane was blocked and probed by rabbit anti-PTEN antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). Specific reactions between different antibodies and corresponding proteins were detected by using goat anti-rabbit conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and revealed by a chemiluminescence substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The membrane was also probed with anti-Tubulin antibody (Santa Cruz) to normalize the total protein loading. The chemiluminescence signal was digitally recorded and analyzed by the ChemiDoc XRS imaging system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with Quantity One Program (Version 4.6, Bio-Rad).