Diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress [21 (link), 22 (link)]. SOD [23 (link), 24 (link)], AST [25 (link), 26 (link)], ALT [27 (link), 28 (link)], and GSH are associated with oxidative stress [29 (link)–34 (link)]. Here, the levels of SOD, AST, ALT, and GSH were measured. AST and ALT were measured by an automated clinical chemistry analyzer (Indianapolis, IN, USA). The activity of SOD was measured by Superoxide Dismutase Activity Assay Kit (Cat. number ab65354 from Abcam). GSH was measured by Glutathione Detection Assay Kit (Cat. number ab65322 from Abcam).
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