This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients who received a newly implanted CIED or device exchange at Massachusetts General Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020. CIED was defined as any kind of pacemaker (single lead, 2 leads, and leadless), cardiac resynchronization pacemaker, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization therapy with an implantable defibrillator. Patients had to be >21 years of age.
Sociodemographic patient characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical record including age, sex, ancestry, preferred language, insurance type/primary payer, patient portal enrollment, and county‐code–linked median household income (MHI). MHI used in this study was paired to the primary patient residence and was acquired from the 2019 data from the US Census Bureau. Patients residing in the following New England states were included: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Patients who received an implantable loop recorder were excluded.
Sociodemographic patient characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical record including age, sex, ancestry, preferred language, insurance type/primary payer, patient portal enrollment, and county‐code–linked median household income (MHI). MHI used in this study was paired to the primary patient residence and was acquired from the 2019 data from the US Census Bureau. Patients residing in the following New England states were included: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Patients who received an implantable loop recorder were excluded.
