Sections of paraffin-embedded liver were mounted on glass slides and processed for γH2A.X staining on telomere regions as previously described (43 (link)). γH2A.X antibody was purchased from Cell Signaling. Biotinylated secondary antibody and Fluorescein Avidin DCS were purchased from Vector Laboratories. Following γH2A.X immunofluorescence, telomere immunoFISH was performed using Cy-3–labeled telomere-specific (CCCTAA) peptide nucleic acid probe (Panagene, Daejeon, KR). Counter-staining was done with DAPI and images were taken and in-depth Z stacking was used (a minimum of 40 optical slices with ×63 objective).