RNA was extracted from tissues and cells using Trizol Reagent (Thermo Fisher), miRNeasy or RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen), and mRNA levels of gene expression were quantified by qPCR using SYBR Green (GeneCopoeia) on a 7500 Real-Time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems). mRNA levels were normalized to ribosomal protein, large, P0 (36B4), and the relative fold change compared to the controls was calculated. Primers were designed and synthesized by IDT (Integrated DNA Technologies); sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1. MicroRNAs were extracted from cells and tissues using miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). Reverse transcription was done with TaqMan MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit and quantified using a TaqMan MicroRNA assay kit and TaqMan Universal Master Mix II, no UNG (Thermo Fisher) for real-time-PCR, then normalized to small nuclear RNA U6 (U6), with fold change calculated and compared to the control as described [74 (link)].