All animal procedures were done according to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology requirements and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Wayne State University (A-08-07-15) and conform to NIH guidelines. TLR4 floxed mice (B6(Cg)-Tlr4tm1.1Karp/J mice) and PDGFRα-Cre (C57BL/6-Tg(Pdgfra-cre)1Clc/J ) mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories. TLR4 floxed mice were bred with the TLR4-PDGFRα-Cre mice to generate conditional knockout mice in which TLR4 is eliminated in retinal Müller cells. Mice of both sexes were used at 3 months of age. Genotyping and verification of knockout has been previously published (11 (link)).