Healthy Adult Male Inclusion Criteria

The inclusion criteria were as follows: the subject signed a written informed consent form to participate in the study, was a male aged between 20 and 40, and had a body mass index between 18.5 and 25. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the subject was a smoker; was receiving drug treatment; had digestive abnormalities; was allergic to milk, soybeans, or pork; had lactose intolerance; was currently on a low-carbohydrate diet or a ketogenic diet; or had an abnormal value in blood biochemical tests (fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count).