Western blotting analysis was performed as described [32 (link)]. Antibodies used were anti-CAV1 rabbit antibody, anti-Flag rabbit antibody, anti-p-STAT3 rabbit antibody, anti-Acetyl-Stat3 (Lys685) rabbit antibody, anti-STAT3 mouse antibody, anti-p-AKT rabbit antibody, and anti-AKT rabbit antibody from Cell Signaling Technologies (Beijing, China), anti-α-Tubulin mouse antibody, and anti-GAPDH mouse antibody, from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-DNMT1 mouse antibody was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-His mouse antibody was obtained from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Nantong, Jiangsu, China). Anti-vIL-6 rabbit monoclonal antibody was kindly provided by Dr Robert Yarchoan from Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, Maryland, USA).