A Vevo 3100 High-Resolution Imaging System (VisualSonics Inc, Toronto, Canada) was used to perform the echocardiography in the mice (Kumar et al., 2019b (link)). Mice were sedated under 2% isoflurane and their heart rate was maintained at 450 ± 20 beats per minute. Short axis B- and M-mode 2D echocardiograms were recorded through the anterior and posterior LV walls at the level of the papillary muscle. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated by the VisualSonics Measurement Software.
Free full text: Click here