Mice were created and monitored as previously described (7 (link), 12 (link), 13 (link)). BLT mice were generated by implanting human thymus and liver tissue under the kidney capsule of sub-lethally irradiated NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG, The Jackson Laboratory) mice. BLT mice received 3.5×105 autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Humanized MoM were created by transplanting sub-lethally irradiated NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice (NOD/SCID, The Jackson Laboratory) with approximately 1×106 cord blood or liver-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. All animals were irradiated prior to stem cell transplantation (BLT mice: 200 rad, MoM: 250 rad). Mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free facility by the Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) according to protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.