The characteristic functional groups of the adsorbent were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT−IR). FT−IR was performed by using Nicolet 6700 infrared spectroscopy (Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA). An X−ray diffractogram (XRD) of the sample was obtained by means of an Ultimate IV X−ray diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan), which was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA of CuKα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). The surface morphology of the adsorbent was captured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images were obtained on a JSM−7900F electron microscope instrument (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). The pore property of the adsorbent was characterized by a fully automated specific surface and porosity analyzer (Nova 4000e, Quantachrome, Boynton Beach, FL, USA). The surface area and pore diameter of the adsorbents were obtained by Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) and Barret–Joyner−Halenda (BJH) methods [23 (link)]. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS, 7890A-5975C, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to analyze the organic composition of the coking wastewater before and after treatment. Before the GC−MS test, dichloromethane was used as the extractant to extract organic matter in the coking wastewater, and then the extract was concentrated by nitrogen purging.
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