3D spheroid cultures were performed as previously described18 (link). Cells were seeded into 96-well ultra-low attachment plates (Corning, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at a density of 1500 cells/well and were maintained in WEM supplemented with Thawing/Plating Supplement Pack (Invitrogen) for 5 days prior to HBV infection until the spheroid formation is readily detectable by microscopy. Medium was subsequently replaced with WEM supplemented with Cell Maintenance Supplement Pack (Invitrogen) and 50% of the media volume was replaced every 48 h.
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