Mitochondria were isolated using Dounce or Balch homogenizers, followed by standard differential centrifugation13 (link),50 (link),70 (link). Experimental procedure and antibodies for NBGE were used as described previously57 (link),71 (link). In brief, digitonin-solubilised mitochondria were separated on NativePAGE Novex Bis-Tris 3–12% gradient gels. After electrophoresis, the gels were incubated in transfer buffer containing 0.1% SDS for 10 min and proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes probed with specific antibodies (all diluted 1:500, except for VDAC1 and HSP60 diluted 1:1000) against complex I (NDUFA9, ab14713, Abcam; or NDUFB8, ab110242, Abcam), CII (SDHA, 14715, Abcam), CIII (Core2, ab14745, Abcam), CIV (COXVa, ab110262, Abcam) and CV (ATP5A, ab14748, Abcam; or ATP5B, HPA001520, Sigma Aldrich), and VDAC1 (ab15895, Abcam) or HSP60 (12165S, Cell Signaling) as the loading control.
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