Liver tissue was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and stained with H&E. Liver lipids were extracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1) as a solvent. Total triglyceride contents of the liver were determined by an enzymatic method (Stanbio Laboratory) (14 (link), 85 (link)). NAD+ and NADH were measured using the Abcam NAD/NADH Colorimetric Assay Kit (catalog ab65348) (14 (link)).
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