NIH3T3 cells were lysed in RIPA buffer containing 1x protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma). Cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE (20 μg of the total protein loaded per lane) followed by Western blot assays with corresponding antibodies. ALDH1L1 was detected using in-house rabbit polyclonal antibody (1:10000) generated against purified recombinant rat ALDH1L1 [7 (link), 16 (link)]. Primary antibodies used in this study are listed in S1 Table. All in-house antibodies have been verified in our previous studies [5 (link), 17 (link), 18 (link)]. HRP-conjugated secondary goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG antibody were from Abcam (both used at 1:7000). A Hybond TM-ECL nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Pittsburg, PA, USA) and Pierce ECL detection kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used.
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