Bicistronic vector with MND promoter (Astrakhan et al., 2012 (link)) driving transcription of enhanced GFP followed by T2A sequence and 3xF. The vector had either no gene or the human SAMD9L (GenBank accession no. NM_152703) sequence (Origene) inserted downstream of the T2A and N-terminal 3xF using In-Fusion cloning (Takara Bio). The coding sequence ends with a stop codon and the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element proximal to the polyadenylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed using QuikChange II (Agilent). The pCVL.SFFV.Y2 I-AniI.IRES.mCherry vector contains the spleen focus-forming virus promoter (Aubert et al., 2011 (link)). pUC19 (Takara Bio) DNA was used as the carrier DNA for the mCherry-alone condition.