The mouse prostate tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin wax. Five-micrometer sections were cut and stained with H&E for pathological evaluation. Sections were also stained with antibodies specific for: (1) E-cadherin (Santa Cruz); (2) p63 (Thermo Scientific); (3) Ki67 (Thermo Scientific); (4) β-catenin antibody (AbCAM); (5) AR (Santa Cruz); (6) pSTAT3 (Cell signaling); (7) macrophage (F4/80 or Mac-2; eBioscience); (8) B cells (B220, eBioscience); and (9) anti-CD3 (Thermo Scientific). The staining procedure has been previously described [14 (link)]. Briefly, sections were deparaffinized and incubated for 10 min in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 95 °C for antigen retrieval. Endogenous peroxidase activity was quenched with 3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol. After quenching endogenous peroxidase activity and blocking nonspecific binding, slides were incubated with specific primary antibody overnight at 4 °C followed by subsequent incubation with the appropriate biotinylated secondary antibody provided with Vectastain Elite ABC Kit. Color was developed with DAB as the perioxidase substract. All slides were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with Permount. Ten randomly selected fields of IHC-stained sections of the prostates from individual mice were counted for the positively stained cells and used for statistical analysis.
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