Genomic DNA (1 μg) was fragmented by sonication. Illumina paired-end libraries from genomic DNA samples were constructed (Lupski et al., 2013 (link)). Pre-capture libraries were pooled and hybridized in solution to the BCM-HGSC CORE exome capture design (Bainbridge et al., 2011 (link)) (52Mb; NimbleGen). Captured DNA fragments were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, producing 9–10 gigabase-pairs (Gb) of sequence for each personal genome and achieving an average of 95% of the targeted exome bases covered to an average depth of 20x or greater, with mean coverage of target bases of over 100x. Raw sequence reads were mapped and aligned to the GRCh37 (hg19) human genome reference assembly using the HGSC Mercury analysis pipeline (http://www.tinyurl.com/HGSC-Mercury/) (Reid et al., 2014 (link)) or the Baylor Genetics analysis pipeline (Liu et al., 2019 (link)).