The gene for nanobody C1 (NbC1) and F2 (NbF2) and were codon-optimized using the IDT Codon Optimization Tool, synthesized as a ready-to-clone gene fragment (Integrated DNA Technologies), and cloned into the phagemid vector pADL-23c. The nanobodies were produced as previously described (Huo et al., 2021 (link)). Briefly, the plasmid was transformed into the WK6 E. coli strain and protein expression induced by 1 mM IPTG grown overnight at 28°C. Periplasmic extract was prepared by osmotic shock, and the nanobody protein was purified with a 5 mL HisTrap nickel column (Cytiva), followed by size exclusion with a Hiload 16/60 Superdex 75 column.
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