Gene expression and genotyping profiles were obtained using a custom Affymetrix array (GEO platform GPL10379) and the Illumina Human1M-Duo BeadChip array, respectively. Expression values were extracted using the Robust Multichip Average method[25 (link)] implemented in the Affymetrix Power Tools software. Expression values were analysed with a robust regression model adjusted for age, sex and smoking status, using the R statistical package MASS (rlm function).
Genetic associations were performed in PLINK 1.9. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the results across the three sites.