Measurements of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TGs) were performed as previously described (17 (link)). LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Glucose was measured using a Hitachi model 704 glucose analyzer (Roche Hitachi, Indianapolis, IN) and insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with an anti-insulin serum raised in guinea pigs, 125I-labeled insulin (Linco, St Louis, MO) and a double antibody method to separate bound from free tracer.