No anxiolytic premedication was given to the patient before surgery. Anaesthetic induction was performed with Propofol + Sufentanil + Atracurium. Patients had standard monitoring including depth of anaesthesia using the Bispectral (BIS®) index. Hypothermia was prevented by using warming blankets.
All patients were intubated and ventilated with a mixture of O2/N2O: 50/50%. Fluid loading was achieved with crystalloids and/or colloids depending on requirements.
According to randomization, patients were allocated to receive either Desflurane (Group D) or Propofol (Group P) for anaesthesia maintenance.
Post-operative pain intensity at rest was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) with 0 = no pain and 10 = maximal imaginable pain intensity. Post-operative analgesia was multimodal. The use of locoregional techniques for post-operative analgesia was encouraged (nerve block, trunk block +/− placement of a perineural catheter +/− wound infiltration). During the stay in PACU, if NRS ≥ 3, morphine was administered by titration (bolus of 1 mg IV repeated every 5 min until NRS at rest < 3).
After arrival in the PACU, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min. Once the score of ≥9 had been attained, the cognitive tests were carried out for a second time.
The data from these tests was collected by the same investigator as the day before surgery in the case report form.
All patients were intubated and ventilated with a mixture of O2/N2O: 50/50%. Fluid loading was achieved with crystalloids and/or colloids depending on requirements.
According to randomization, patients were allocated to receive either Desflurane (Group D) or Propofol (Group P) for anaesthesia maintenance.
Group D: Desflurane Induction with a bolus of Propofol 2–3 mg/kg Maintenance with a closed circuit of Desflurane with minimal alveolar concentration adapted to maintain a BIS value between 40 and 60.
Group P: Propofol Target controlled administration of Propofol at 2 and 4 μg/ml to be adjusted to maintain a BIS value between 40 and 60.
Post-operative pain intensity at rest was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) with 0 = no pain and 10 = maximal imaginable pain intensity. Post-operative analgesia was multimodal. The use of locoregional techniques for post-operative analgesia was encouraged (nerve block, trunk block +/− placement of a perineural catheter +/− wound infiltration). During the stay in PACU, if NRS ≥ 3, morphine was administered by titration (bolus of 1 mg IV repeated every 5 min until NRS at rest < 3).
After arrival in the PACU, the Aldrete score was checked every 5 min. Once the score of ≥9 had been attained, the cognitive tests were carried out for a second time.
The data from these tests was collected by the same investigator as the day before surgery in the case report form.
Free full text: Click here
