Antimicrobial Evaluation of Moringa Extracts

MIC was calculated using the tube dilution technique [63 (link),64 (link)]. To achieve 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹ inocula, a 24 h culture of the tested bacterial species was diluted in 10 mL of tryptic soy broth (TSB) according to the 0.5 McFarland standard. Ten different Moringa extract concentrations, ranging from 5000 µg/mL to 10.0 µg/mL, were made in culture tubes with DMSO. Each tube received 0.1 mL of bacterial cell suspension as an inoculant, and it was then incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Turbidity in the broth served as a sign of inoculum growth, and the extract concentration at which the test organism’s bacterial growth was inhibited at the lowest level was deemed to be the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC was carried out against the fungus by the protocol that was designed [65 (link),66 (link)]. Different quantities of Moringa extracts were separately diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.1% Tween 80 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), combined with 9.5 mL of melting PDA, and then placed into a Petri dish (6 cm). A 3-microliter fungal suspension was used to centrally inoculate the prepared plates (10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹, 0.5 McFarland standard). The plates were incubated at 25 °C for 24–48 h.