Human patient samples were collected at the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Pennsylvania. The collection of human tissues, in compliance with the tissue banking protocol, was approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant13 (link),14 (link). ECs were isolated and verified as previously described13 (link),14 (link). In brief, tumor-derived single-cell suspensions were prepared by the tissue bank. Cell suspensions were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting using anti-CD31 antibody-conjugated magnetic beads (1:100; Miltenyi Biotech; 130-091-935). Sorted ECs were verified by Dil-Ac-LDL (Alfa Aesar; J65597) absorption and von Willebrand factor staining.