THP-1 monocyte-like cells (American Type Culture Collection) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (all Gibco) at 37°C with 5% CO2. THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages by exposure to 100 nM PMA (Sigma-Aldrich) as previously described [21 (link)] for indicated hours. Then cells were incubated with 50 μg/ml ox-LDL for 24 h. For NRF2 inhibition, 2 μM ML385 (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to treat cells for 24 h.
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