Microglia Activation and Sulfasalazine Modulation

CHME-5 or HIV-NanoLuc CHME-5 were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-α. Lipopolysaccharide - “LPS” (Cat#L3012 Sigma-Aldrich Allentown, PA, USA) was used at a 100 ng/ml concentration in microglia growth media [53 (link)]. Tumor necrosis factor-α “TNF-α” (Cat#T5944 Sigma-Aldrich) was used at a 50 ng/ml concentration in microglia growth media [54 (link)]. For repeated treatments of LPS and TNF-α, full media exchange with diluted compounds were performed. Sulfasalazine experiments were carried out in serum free media with full media exchange. Sulfasalazine (Cat# 4935, Tocris Biosciences, Bristol, UK) was pre-incubated at a 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM on cells for 1 hr. After the incubation time, LPS was added by spiking the media to a 100 ng/ml final concentration.