All analyses were carried out using R (Version 4.3.1) and RStudio. The descriptive analysis was presented as the mean, and standard deviation for continuous variables, whereas the categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentages.
The bivariate and multivariable linear regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to investigate the association between factors and well-being. We checked correlations among the independent variables by Spearman correlation to avoid multicollinearity. If an independent variable correlated with one another at rho ≥ 0.3, one representative variable was selected for the multivariate models. A p-value of < 0.05 was used as an indicator of statistical significance.
We developed the conceptual framework based on our literature review, which included the association between demographic variables, DHL, information satisfaction, the importance of online searching for information related to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and well-being .17 (link),20 ,29 ,37 (link) The structural equation model (SEM) was utilized to analyze the indirect effects, direct effects, and total effects of mediators on the association between DHL and well-being. Lavaan package in R was employed to establish the SEM and conducted pathway analysis.38
The bivariate and multivariable linear regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to investigate the association between factors and well-being. We checked correlations among the independent variables by Spearman correlation to avoid multicollinearity. If an independent variable correlated with one another at rho ≥ 0.3, one representative variable was selected for the multivariate models. A p-value of < 0.05 was used as an indicator of statistical significance.
We developed the conceptual framework based on our literature review, which included the association between demographic variables, DHL, information satisfaction, the importance of online searching for information related to COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, and well-being .17 (link),20 ,29 ,37 (link) The structural equation model (SEM) was utilized to analyze the indirect effects, direct effects, and total effects of mediators on the association between DHL and well-being. Lavaan package in R was employed to establish the SEM and conducted pathway analysis.38
