Growth Conditions for Caulobacter and E. coli

C. crescentus cells were grown in M2G medium supplemented with 1% PYE in the presence of appropriate antibiotics (kanamycin, gentamycin). Log-phase cultures were used for all experiments. Expression from P_xyl and P_van was induced by adding to the medium 0.3% xylose and 500 μM vanillic acid, respectively. The synchrony was performed as described (Evinger & Agabian, 1977 (link)). E. coli cells were grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented with 1 mM MgSO₄, 0.2% casamino acids, 50 μM thiamine, 0.2% of either maltose or glycerol in the presence of appropriate antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol). Strains and plasmids are listed in Table S1.