HEK293 cells were grown in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and transfected with Fugene-HD Transfection Reagent (Roche), reporter constructs (pAhR-Luc/pTK-Renilla or pGud-Luc/pTK Renilla) as well transcription factor expression constructs (pStat1, pIrf9) as indicated. In some experiments, transfected cells were exposed to 500 IU/ml of mIFN-β (Bio X cell) or AhR inhibitor CH223191 (Sigma). For the measurement of AhR ligands in human serum, 15.000 HEK293 cells were plated in 96 well plates 24 h before transfection with pGud-Luc and pTK-Renilla. After 24 h transfected cells were incubated with DMEM supplemented with 10% of patient serum. Luciferase activity was analyzed 24 h later using Dual Luciferase Reporter System (Promega) and normalized to Renilla luciferase activity.