siRNA oligonucleotides targeting CDH4, along with negative control siRNA, were procured from GenePharma (Shanghai, China). Lentiviral constructs that express the full-length CDH4 or shRNA sequences that targeted CDH4 were generated by cloning the corresponding sequences into the pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro vector. The HA-Ub plasmid (pCMV-HA-Ub), His-CDH4 plasmid (pCMV-6 × His-CDH4), and Flag-β-catenin plasmid (pCDEF-FLAG-β-catenin) were obtained from Miaoling (Wuhan, China). Transfection techniques adhered to previously reported methods and manufacturer's instructions [18 (link)]. The specific sequences of the siRNA or shRNA mentioned above can be found in Additional file 1: Table S1.
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