DNA samples from ccRCC patients tumour and matching normal were all obtained under local IRB and LREC approvals for this study and processed as previously described2 (link). DNA fragmentation, library preparation and solution phase hybrid capture were according to manufacturer instructions (Agilent Technologies, US) and modified from previously published protocols5 . Capillary-based Sanger sequencing for confirmations and PBRM1 followup were done as previously described2 (link) with manual inspection of all sequencing traces. mRNA was extracted from snap-frozen mouse pancreatic lesions and subjected to RT-PCR using a nested PCR approach utilising primers of mouse Pbrm1 exon 23/24 and the Carp-β-Actin Splice acceptor sequence of the T2Onc transposon cassette. Resulting bands were gel-purified and subjected to capillary-based Sanger sequencing. PBRM1 or scrambled control siRNAs (Santa Cruz, CA) were transfected into ccRCC cell lines using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, CA) according to the manufacturer's conditions. Real-time PCR and western blotting were all done utilising standard protocols essentially as described1 (link). Expression analyses were carried out as previously described2 (link).