For cell apoptosis assay, a cell apoptosis assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) based on Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) dual staining was used on a FACS flow cytometry (CelestaTM; BD, San Jose, CA, USA). The cell populations were discriminated according to their position of quadrants as we previously reported [14 (link)]: live cells (Annexin V−/PI−), early/primary apoptotic cells (Annexin V+/PI−), late/secondary apoptotic cells (Annexin V+/PI+), and necrotic cells (Annexin V−/PI+).
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