A protocol was developed and registered with the University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (PROSPERO) on 6/11/2012 and updated on the 13/02/2014, registration number CRD42012003215(http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/index.asp ).
A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using the following inclusion criteria: primary observational studies (cohort study, cross-sectional studies) in geographically defined population or a community sample (including samples from primary health care services) of children aged under 8 years using the PEDS[15 ] with available prevalence data (Additional file1 ). Studies using the modified “Survey PEDS” were also included in this review [14 ]. Electronic databases searched were Web of Science and Google Scholar, PubMed (Nov 2012), EMBASE (Nov 2012), Medline (Nov 2012), Psychinfo (Nov 2012), Global Health (Nov2012) CINAHL (Nov 2012), the Cochrane Library (Nov 2012), LILACS (Nov 2012), ERIC (Nov 2012), and Proquest (Nov 2012). Secondary searches of citations in review articles, requests to experts in the field and additional searches of the USA based PEDStest and RCH PEDS website for key studies were undertaken. Advice from the Cochrane Child Development, Psychosocial and Learning Groups was sought regarding search terms which were specific for early child development, developmental risk and the PEDS. There were no language limitations. Studies using specific clinical samples, for example, neonatal intensive care graduates or with participants who had a known developmental disorder were excluded.
The study titles, abstracts and full papers of “potentially relevant articles” were reviewed independently by two authors (SW&VE). Disagreements about inclusion were resolved through consensus and discussion with a third author (KW). Study characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors, were extracted independently by SW and VE on a data extraction form that was piloted and modified prior to use. Where insufficient data were reported, study authors were contacted. If no reply was forthcoming or full data not made available, data were included in analysis where possible. Methodological quality was assessed independently by SW and VE based on a validity of the study methods (design, sampling frame, sample size, outcome measures, measurement and response rate), interpretation of the results and applicability of the findings [19 (link)], a score of 6 or greater was rated by the reviewers as high quality.
A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using the following inclusion criteria: primary observational studies (cohort study, cross-sectional studies) in geographically defined population or a community sample (including samples from primary health care services) of children aged under 8 years using the PEDS[15 ] with available prevalence data (Additional file
The study titles, abstracts and full papers of “potentially relevant articles” were reviewed independently by two authors (SW&VE). Disagreements about inclusion were resolved through consensus and discussion with a third author (KW). Study characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors, were extracted independently by SW and VE on a data extraction form that was piloted and modified prior to use. Where insufficient data were reported, study authors were contacted. If no reply was forthcoming or full data not made available, data were included in analysis where possible. Methodological quality was assessed independently by SW and VE based on a validity of the study methods (design, sampling frame, sample size, outcome measures, measurement and response rate), interpretation of the results and applicability of the findings [19 (link)], a score of 6 or greater was rated by the reviewers as high quality.
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