The level of ATX in the AH was determined using a two-site immunoenzymatic assay with an ATX assay reagent equipped with a Tosoh AIA system (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan) as described previously27 (link),28 (link),54 (link),55 (link). The TGF-β levels in the AH were measured using the Bio-Plex Pro TGF-β Assay (Bio-Rad, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol.
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