Cell Culture and Compound Preparation

MDCK cells were obtained from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s MEM (Life Technologies, Burlington, ON, Canada) plus 10% fetal calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin (DMEM+). All p-ANAPL and marine and terrestrial natural product library compounds were previously confirmed to be at least 95% pure [18 (link),19 (link)]. Amantadine hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma, Oakville, ON, Canada. M2WJ352 was synthesized as described previously [20 (link),25 (link)]. Additional sources of chebulagic acid were obtained as a powder from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA).