A cell-matrix adhesion assay was carried out to evaluate the potential effect of Cu-CDs treatments on the cell adhesion ability of breast cancer cells.50 (link) Briefly, 30 μL of fibronectin (5 μg/mL, FC010, Millipore, Beijing, China) was added to the 96-well culture plates, followed by overnight incubation, air drying at room temperature, and blocking with 0.1% bovine albumin solution (BSA, V900933, Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). Subsequently, MDA-MB-231 cells of both groups were collected, resuspended, and replated at pre-coated 96-well culture plates with a density of 5×103 cells per well. After culturing for 30 min, the 96-well culture plates were washed with DPBS solution. The attached cells were fixed with methanol and stained with 0.1% crystal violet solution. The number of adherent cells in each group was photographed and recorded.