Adora2b-deficient mice,8 (link) mice with tissue-specific Adora2b deletion (for more details see Supplementary Materials), matched genetic controls, or C57BL/6 mice were used in DSS studies (3–4.5%), as described previously.13 (link),44 (link),45 (link) Adora2b agonist (BAY 60-6583; Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) or vehicle (30% SolutolHS15 in 0.9% saline; BASF, Florham Park, NJ) was administered by subcutaneous osmotic pump (Alzet; DURECT Corporation, Cupertino, CA) at 1.2–1.25 mg kg−1 mouse per day.