Multivariable Analysis of Salmonella Infection

Several control variables were included in multivariable regression models based on the existing literature [1 , 2 , 6 , 8 (link)]: sex (male/female), age (age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–65 and 65+), rurality/urbanicity, travel abroad status (yes/no), organism identified (Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B) and antibiotic administration (yes/no). Antibiotic administration was included as a control variable as it can reduce the severity of symptoms [1 ]. Urbanicity–rurality data were obtained through LSOA codes classification from Office for National Statistics (ONS) Geography [14 ].

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Buczkowska M., Jenkins C., Hawker J., Hungerford D., Katwa P., Kirkbride H, & Byrne L. (2023). Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in incidence and severity of enteric fever in England 2015–2019: analysis of a national enhanced surveillance system. Epidemiology and Infection, 151, e29.

Publication 2023

Age groups Antibiotic Female Male Salmonella typhi

Corresponding Organization : University of Liverpool

Other organizations : National Health Service

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Sex (male/female)
Age (age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–65 and 65+)
Rurality/urbanicity
Travel abroad status (yes/no)
Organism identified (Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B)
Antibiotic administration (yes/no)

dependent variables

Not explicitly mentioned

control variables

Sex (male/female)
Age (age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–65 and 65+)
Rurality/urbanicity
Travel abroad status (yes/no)
Organism identified (Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B)
Antibiotic administration (yes/no)

positive controls

None specified

negative controls

None specified

Annotations

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