Protein isolation and Western blotting were conducted essentially as described previously10 (link). 10 μg protein aliquots were electrophoresed on 4–20% TGX stain-free gels (Bio-Rad) and transferred to PVDF membranes using Trans-Blot® TurboTM PVDF Transfer pack (Bio-Rad). Primary antibodies and their dilutions were as specified previously10 (link), plus the following: porin (Abcam ab15895, rabbit polyclonal, 1:1,000), OXPHOS cocktail (Abcam ab110413, formerly Mitosciences ms604, mouse monoclonals for single subunits of each OXPHOS complex, namely NDUFB8, SDHB, UQCRC2, MTCOI and ATP5A, 1:250), AOX (21st Century Biochemicals, customized rabbit polyclonal, 1:40,000), HSP60 (Abcam ab46798, rabbit polyclonal, 1:20,000), GAPDH (Cell Signaling #2118, rabbit polyclonal, 1:1,000) and LC3b (Novus NB600-1384, rabbit polyclonal, 1:1,000). Secondary antibodies and their dilutions were: goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch #115-035-146, 1:10,000) and goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch #111-035-144, 1:20,000). Blot images have been cropped, rotated and framed where appropriate, and optimized for contrast and brightness, with reprobings of the same gel or different regions of the same gel shown as distinct image panels separated by white spacers. No other manipulations were introduced.
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