PKCα-overexpressing transgenic (C57), PKCα knockout mice (FVB), and corresponding littermate control hearts were obtained from 12 month old animals (25 (link)). Hearts were homogenized in 1% Triton-100/RIPA buffer containing 1%(v/v) Triton X-100, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA, 10 mM EGTA, phosphatase inhibitor cocktail and protease inhibitors (complete mini-tablet, calpain I and II inhibitors, Roche).