Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein levels were measured in peripheral plasma of humans and plasma from portal vein of mice using commercially available ELISAs (Abnova, Taiwan and LOXO, Germany), respectively, as detailed by the manufacturer. Arginase activity in proximal small intestine was measured, as previously described [21 (link)].
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