All reagents were purchased from Millipore-Sigma (Burlington, MA, USA), unless otherwise stated. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) were obtained from Neuromics (Minneapolis, MN; catalog number: #HEC02). These cells have been proved to be the most suitable human cell line for an in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model [29 (link)].
Cells were cultured in a standard humidified atmosphere (37°C) containing 5% CO2. In some experiments, cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-Neuropilin-1 plasmids (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ).
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