Acorn worms P. flava were collected from the sandy beach at Chito, Penghu Islands, Taiwan (23°38’54.17"N; 119°36’14.40"E). To isolate the parasitic copepods, acorn worms were anesthetized with 0.2 M magnesium chloride in seawater for 15 minutes and the parasitic copepods were obtained from dissected cysts of hosts. The collection and use of invertebrate deuterostome animals for scientific research in JKY laboratory was reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee, Academia Sinica, and a waiver of ethic approval was granted (Case number: 16-04-956). The experimental procedures for handling the acorn worm P. flava were approved by the Institutional Biosafety Committee, Academia Sinica (Permit number: BSF0418-00003976).
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