Other than field
blanks, a laboratory procedural blank was also processed along with
each batch of 10 authentic samples to evaluate background contamination.
Trace amounts of glycerol monooleate (GMO), methyl oleate (MO), tributyl
citrate (TBC), tricapryl trimellitate (TCTM), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate
(DPGDB), TMPDDiB, and isopropyl palmitate (IPP) were detected in procedural
and field blanks, with an average mass of 3.54–43.1 ng. Eight
PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMPh), diethyl phthalate (DEPh),
dibutyl phthalate (DBPh), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBPh), DEHPh, diphenyl
phthalate (DPPh), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzPh), were also detected
in procedural and field blanks, accounting for 0.02–2.6% of
the median levels detected in dust samples. Reported concentrations
of these chemicals were corrected with blank contamination and the
recoveries of their corresponding surrogate standards. The limit of
quantification (LOQ) of an analyte with background contamination was
defined as the average contamination levels in the blanks plus 10
times the standard deviation of the background contamination;43 (link) otherwise, the LOQ was determined as the instrumental
response 10 times the standard deviation of the noise. The LOQs of
target analytes ranged from 1.5 to 75 ng/g for NPPs and 4 to 110 ng/g
for PAEs. More details are summarized inTable S2 .
Extraction efficiencies were evaluated via matrix
spiking tests, where approximately 50 mg of a pooled dust sample was
spiked with target and surrogate standards and processed with the
aforementioned method, along with two matrix blanks (only addition
of surrogate standards). After subtracting the levels in matrix blanks,
the recoveries of target chemicals from analytical procedures ranged
from 51 ± 15% to 136 ± 14% (Table S2 ). Matrix effects were evaluated for these plasticizers following
the method described in the previous study44 (link) and summarized in theSI . The determined
matrix effects ranged from 74 ± 6% to 127 ± 24% for NPPs
and 79 ± 16% to 147 ± 34% for PAEs (Table S2 ). Recoveries of surrogate standards during the analysis
of authentic samples ranged from 75 ± 16% to 139 ± 25%.
blanks, a laboratory procedural blank was also processed along with
each batch of 10 authentic samples to evaluate background contamination.
Trace amounts of glycerol monooleate (GMO), methyl oleate (MO), tributyl
citrate (TBC), tricapryl trimellitate (TCTM), dipropylene glycol dibenzoate
(DPGDB), TMPDDiB, and isopropyl palmitate (IPP) were detected in procedural
and field blanks, with an average mass of 3.54–43.1 ng. Eight
PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate (DMPh), diethyl phthalate (DEPh),
dibutyl phthalate (DBPh), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBPh), DEHPh, diphenyl
phthalate (DPPh), and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzPh), were also detected
in procedural and field blanks, accounting for 0.02–2.6% of
the median levels detected in dust samples. Reported concentrations
of these chemicals were corrected with blank contamination and the
recoveries of their corresponding surrogate standards. The limit of
quantification (LOQ) of an analyte with background contamination was
defined as the average contamination levels in the blanks plus 10
times the standard deviation of the background contamination;43 (link) otherwise, the LOQ was determined as the instrumental
response 10 times the standard deviation of the noise. The LOQs of
target analytes ranged from 1.5 to 75 ng/g for NPPs and 4 to 110 ng/g
for PAEs. More details are summarized in
Extraction efficiencies were evaluated via matrix
spiking tests, where approximately 50 mg of a pooled dust sample was
spiked with target and surrogate standards and processed with the
aforementioned method, along with two matrix blanks (only addition
of surrogate standards). After subtracting the levels in matrix blanks,
the recoveries of target chemicals from analytical procedures ranged
from 51 ± 15% to 136 ± 14% (
the method described in the previous study44 (link) and summarized in the
matrix effects ranged from 74 ± 6% to 127 ± 24% for NPPs
and 79 ± 16% to 147 ± 34% for PAEs (
of authentic samples ranged from 75 ± 16% to 139 ± 25%.
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