The differentiation of motoneurons derived from iPSCs was performed as previously described [21 (link)]. Briefly, iPSCs were dissociated with dispase (Gibco, 1 mg/mL) or accutase (Stem cell) and cultured in MN induction medium, including Neurobasal medium (Invitrogen), DMEM/F12 (Hyclone) at 1:1, 0.5 × B27 supplement (50×) (Gibco), 0.5 × N2 supplement (100×) (Gibco), and 1 × GlutaMAX (100×) (Gibco). Different combinations of DMH1 (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA), retinoic acid (RA) (Sigma-Aldrich), CHIR99021 (Selleck), SB431542 (Selleck), valproic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), purmorphamine (Pur) (Selleck), and DAPT (Selleck) were added to the medium at different stages (Figure 2A).
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